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1. Frost-shattering: where extremely cold temperatures literally
shatter the rock near the ground surface, breaking it down to sand, gravel
and clay, leaving large blocks of quartzite (very hard sandstone), which
are the rocks that make up stone runs today
2. Solifluction: or the gradual down-slope movement of waterlogged
clay and rock
3. Frost-heave: causing the quartzite blocks to form into strips
4. Winnowing: or the removal of clay and sand from between blocks
by water.
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